Kebabs, Biryani and Much More: Indian City Earns a Spot on the UNESCO Gastronomy List.

Biryani cooking using the classic Dum method
Biryani in Lucknow is prepared on a gentle, leisurely heat, with the pot's lid tightly closed with dough.

Mouth-watering kebabs, scented biryani, and fluffy, cloud-like desserts.

The metropolis in India's north of Lucknow has forever been a food lovers' paradise, with locals and travelers alike celebrating its exquisite cuisine.

A Global Honor

In a recent announcement, The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization designated it as a UNESCO Creative City for Gastronomy – adding it to a exclusive roster of global cities and igniting hopes that it will spotlight Lucknow's sublime food. With this designation, it becomes part of a international community of more than four hundred cities across more than 100 countries committed to promoting "innovation as a catalyst of development that sustains urban life".

The recognition "is a testament to its centuries-old culinary traditions and vibrant gastronomic culture," according to a official from UNESCO's Regional Office for South Asia.

Lucknow is only the second Indian city – after Hyderabad, which was picked in 2019 – to earn a spot in this coveted list of seventy urban centers worldwide.

An Urban Center with a Culinary Soul

The accolade for this historic city is little surprise to its residents or passionate food lovers. Many agree with the view that it is "a recognition that was delayed".

With the UNESCO accolade, this beloved, bustling, and eclectic city – the capital of India's biggest state – is at last in the limelight for what has consistently characterized its heart: an profound love for food.

"'The day's menu, the method of preparation' is a continued dialogue from waking up until going to bed in many homes," explains a local cultural expert. "And you are truly assessed by the quality of food that is produced in your kitchen."
Succulent kebabs being served
Lucknow is famous for its incredibly tender kebabs.

A Royal Culinary Legacy

The Nawabi City – as it's often referred to after its historic wealthy Muslim rulers – is renowned for its melt-in-the-mouth kebabs and a distinctive take on biryani that were created, evolved, and taken to sublime levels in their opulent kitchens.

These imperial kitchens were centers of culinary innovations, merging Persian and indigenous Indian styles to create what became known as the food of Awadh.

It was during this time that Lucknow's iconic kebabs were developed. As the tale is told that the mutton galouti was created to cater to an elderly nawab who had lost his teeth. His culinary artists minced the meat with raw papaya, saffron, and spices and made it so fine that it needed no chewing.

But perhaps the greatest contribution of the cooks of Awadh was the slow-cooking Dum pukht technique, where food is prepared on a low, slow heat, with the pot's lid securely sealed with dough.

A Diverse Culinary Landscape

Besides the well-known kebabs and biryani, the cooks also built up a collection of dishes that included kormas (rich curries), sheermal (saffron-infused flatbread), and shahi tukda (a sweet bread pudding).

However, Lucknow is not only about kebabs and biryani – the region is additionally a haven for vegetarians.

The local traditionally vegetarian community's cuisine doesn't just celebrates fresh harvests but also gives the city its meticulously prepared Indian desserts, sweets, and unique street food, like chaat – zesty fried snacks.

Cloud-like dessert Makkhan Malai
The city offers special seasonal delights, such as Makkhan Malai, a unique frothy dessert, when it gets cold.

Hidden Gems and Legacy Eateries

Almost on many street corners, there are tiny kiosks and stalls – hidden gems that are immensely popular with the locals.

In the heart of the city of Hazratganj, throngs of people start milling around from 5 am at a legendary tea stall to get a piping hot cup of milky masala chai, served in earthenware cups, along with pillowy soft buns slathered with hand-churned white butter.

In the morning, one can visit a no-frills joint operating in the historic quarter of Aminabad. Almost 150 years after it was founded, the place is still in great demand for its freshly fried kachoris (fried bread stuffed with lentils) and jalebis (crispy, syrup-soaked sweets).

Iconic tea stall offering masala chai
A famous tea stall is celebrated for its creamy masala chai.

Preserving Tradition for the Future

The city also offers unique treats of the season, such as makkhan malai, a cloud-like dessert savored in the winter. The method of making it is intricate and demanding. The cook hand-churns the milk and then leaves it out at night, allowing the dew to give it its unique light consistency.

On cold mornings, street vendors can be seen in historic neighborhoods like Aminabad and Chowk. A number of however note that their younger generation are unwilling to master the art.

A celebrity chef from Lucknow has often said that the city's rich food legacy places it among the best of the Indian street food experience. The significant impact from the UNESCO recognition, however, will be realized only if Lucknow can now create awareness about its under-the-radar eateries.

Every dish in Lucknow tells a story – shaped by family-run food businesses, from humble street carts to lively restaurants, and secret family recipes.

The worldwide honor, it is believed, will encourage more people around the world to discover these tales and experience the city to taste the culinary delights of Lucknow.

Rebecca Phillips
Rebecca Phillips

A tech futurist and AI researcher with over a decade of experience in emerging technologies and digital transformation strategies.

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